On the Impacts of Ions of Ionospheric Origin and Their Composition on Magnetospheric EMIC Waves

Large numbers of theory and observation studies have been conducted on electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves occurring in Earth’s magnetosphere. Numerous shown that accurately specifying the ions ionospheric origin their composition can greatly improve understanding magnetospheric EMIC waves, specifically generation, properties, effects plasma populations. With launch operations multiple recent missions carrying instrumentation capable acquiring direct measurements species, we use this opportunity to review wave efforts utilizing these new assets, with particular focus role propagation, interaction particles. The progress leads us a discussion unresolved questions be investigated using future modeling capabilities or when are developed.